Investments

Portfolio construction and ongoing management, with the costs and the risk stated plainly.

Portfolios, cost, and what you are actually paying for

Investments

An investment portfolio is a set of trade-offs: between growth and the ability to sleep, between cost and complexity, between what is likely and what is merely possible. Portfolios should be built around the risk someone can genuinely carry — which is not always the risk a questionnaire says they can — and the total cost should be visible, including the layers that never appear on a provider’s headline charge.

What this covers

  • Total cost of ownership set out in full — adviser, platform, fund and transaction
  • Portfolios matched to a risk level you have understood and agreed in writing
  • Tax wrappers used in a sensible order: allowances before cleverness
  • Ongoing review against a stated mandate, not discretionary drift
  • Honest answers about when a simpler or cheaper route would serve you better
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Ask us about your situation.

Typical matters

What this looks like in practice

  • Constructing a portfolio to an agreed risk level and mandate, and writing down why each holding is in it
  • Reviewing an inherited or legacy portfolio for overlap, concentration and cost before deciding what to keep
  • Consolidating holdings scattered across providers where that genuinely reduces cost or complexity — and saying when it does not
  • Advising trustees on a suitable investment policy and documenting the reasoning behind it
  • Rebalancing and ongoing review, with the tax consequences of each trade considered before it happens

Who we act for

Clients in this area

Investors whose holdings have grown without a stated strategy, people weighing advised against do-it-yourself routes, trustees who need a defensible basis for decisions, and anyone who has never been shown the full cost of what they own.

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In more detail

Investments at Sterling & Law

Risk you can carry, not risk you can tolerate on a form

Risk questionnaires are a starting point and not much more. They are usually completed in calm conditions, and they measure stated attitude rather than actual capacity. The more useful questions are structural: how long until this money is needed, what else could be drawn on if it falls, and what would you actually do if the portfolio dropped sharply in a month.

The answer to the last one matters most, because the worst outcome in investing is rarely the fall itself — it is selling at the bottom. A portfolio someone can hold through a bad year, earning slightly less, beats a theoretically optimal one they abandon.

The cost nobody shows you in one number

Investment cost arrives in layers. There is the adviser charge, the platform charge, the fund’s ongoing charge, and transaction costs inside the fund that do not appear in that figure at all. Each looks small. Together they are the single most reliable predictor of what a portfolio nets over time, because they are certain while returns are not.

Everything we recommend comes with the total laid out, including the parts a provider would not normally volunteer. Where a cheaper structure would do the same job, we say so — including when that means recommending less of what we do.

Wrappers in a sensible order

Where an investment is held changes the outcome as much as what is held. Pensions, ISAs and general accounts are taxed differently, on contributions, on income and on gains, and the right order to fill them depends on circumstances and the timescale involved.

The usual principle is unglamorous: use the allowances before reaching for anything structured. A great many portfolios that look sophisticated are simply paying tax that a different wrapper would have avoided. Tax treatment depends on individual circumstances and the rules change, so this is a question to revisit, not settle once.

What ongoing management should mean

Ongoing service is where most of the lifetime cost of advice sits, so it should be clear what it buys. At minimum it means rebalancing when the portfolio drifts from its mandate, considering the tax consequences before trading rather than afterwards, and reporting honestly against an agreed benchmark — including when that comparison is unflattering.

It should not mean activity for its own sake. A portfolio that is traded frequently generates cost and tax with reliable certainty and improvement without.

Before we speak

What to have to hand

The aim is to establish what you hold and what it is costing you. Those two facts are harder to assemble than they should be, and most people have never seen them together.

  • Current valuations for every investment account, including ones you rarely look at
  • The full list of holdings inside each, not just the account total
  • Platform or provider charges, and the fund charges underneath them
  • How much of your ISA allowance has been used this tax year
  • Any capital gains already realised this year, and any losses carried forward
  • What the money is for and when you expect to need it — the single most useful input

If you have none of it

Come anyway

People often delay a first conversation until they have assembled a file. That delay costs more than the missing paperwork does. Tell us what you know, and we will work out what needs finding — and in what order.

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Plain English

The vocabulary

The words that turn up in this area, written for people who are not lawyers — because that is who has to make the decisions.

Asset allocation
How a portfolio is split between shares, bonds, property and cash. Historically responsible for far more of the outcome than the selection of individual investments.
Ongoing charges figure (OCF)
A fund’s annual running cost. It excludes transaction costs incurred inside the fund, so it is not the whole cost.
Total cost of ownership
Adviser, platform, fund and transaction costs added together. The only figure worth comparing between options.
Rebalancing
Returning a portfolio to its intended allocation after markets have pushed it off course. Mechanically means selling what has done well, which is why it is rarely done voluntarily.
Volatility
How much a value moves around. Often used as shorthand for risk, though the real risk is usually permanent loss or being forced to sell at the wrong moment.
Active and passive
Active funds try to beat a market and charge more for trying. Passive funds track one cheaply. The higher cost of active needs justifying case by case.
Drawdown (of a portfolio)
The peak-to-trough fall in value. A more intuitive measure of what a bad period feels like than a standard deviation.
Bed and ISA
Selling a holding in a general account and repurchasing it inside an ISA, moving future growth into a tax-free wrapper. Realises a gain in the process, so the timing matters.
Custody
Who actually holds the assets. Your investments are held in your name by a regulated custodian, separate from the adviser.

Common questions

Investments: questions we are asked most

Can you guarantee a return?

No, and nobody authorised to advise you will. The value of investments can fall as well as rise and you may get back less than you put in. Any firm implying otherwise is telling you something useful about itself.

Are active or passive funds better?

Cost is the most reliable lever available, which argues for keeping it low by default. That does not make active management useless everywhere, but it does mean the burden of proof sits with the more expensive option, and it should be explained in each case rather than assumed.

Should I move everything to one platform?

Sometimes. Consolidation can cut cost and make a portfolio manageable. It can also trigger tax, lose features, or cost more than it saves. It is worth doing where the arithmetic supports it and not because it is tidier.

How often should a portfolio be reviewed?

Annually as a rule, and when something changes at home — not when markets move. Reviewing in response to market news is how people end up trading on sentiment.

What happens in a bad year?

We will have discussed it before it happens, which is the point of agreeing a risk level in writing. In a fall, the plan is usually to do what was agreed: rebalance, draw from the part of the portfolio designed for it, and avoid selling the assets that are down.

Do you hold my money?

No. Investments are held with regulated providers and custodians in your name. ⟦Confirm the platform and custody arrangements and state them here, including what protection applies.⟧

Important

The value of investments can fall as well as rise and you may get back less than you put in. Past performance is not a guide to future performance.

Tax treatment depends on your individual circumstances and may change in future. Statements here describe the rules as they generally apply, not advice on your position.

How it works

Three steps, every time

01

First conversation

A call at our cost to understand what you are trying to do and tell you plainly whether we can help. Sometimes the honest answer is that you do not need advice at all, or not yet — and we would rather say that than bill you for finding out slowly.

02

Scope and costs in writing

Before any work starts you get the scope, the approach, who will do the work and what it will cost, in writing. Independence means we are paid by you rather than by a provider, and you should be able to see exactly what you are paying and for what.

03

Advice, then review

A written recommendation you can read, question and keep, setting out what we suggest and why — including the options we rejected. Then a review at agreed points, testing the plan against what actually happened rather than restating it.

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Pensions

Workplace and personal pensions found, costed, and consolidated only where it helps.

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Retirement Planning

Drawdown, annuity, and the sequencing decisions that determine how long the money lasts.

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Tell us what you are trying to work out

A first conversation at our cost, and an honest view on whether advice would change anything for you.